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History & Civilisation

Research - Touareg

Early History of the moors or the Berbers’ Expansion in the World

22 March 2009

The Moors: Navigators of the Celestial Ship of the North and Al Khem-Muria, “Their dominion and inhabitation extended from North-East and South-West Africa, across great Atlantis even unto the present North, South, and Central America and also Mexico and the Atlantis Islands; before the great earthquake, which caused the great Atlantic Ocean.” - Noble Drew Ali The ancient North (...)continue

Genocide - Colonialism

16 September 2008

France: A colonialist offensive and The “benefits” of colonialism

For Alain Ruscio, historian of colonialism, the rehabilitation of France’s colonial past is fraught with danger for the cohesion of French society. Huma: Many historians and teachers have expressed their indignation in relation (...)continue

Research - Niger

16 August 2008

Neolithic’ of Air Massiff: related to amazigh people

Excellent archaeological study, and doubly so for the rarity of the subject, on Neolithic peoples of the Air Massif (Niger). Two distinct populations are found, described as Kiffian and Tenerean by cultural adscription. The first show (...)continue

Language

7 May 2008

Linguistic connections

THE SURVIVORS OF ATLANTIS Generally, modern Cro-Magnon people can be found in certain parts of Western Europe, North Africa and some of the Atlantic Islands today. Physical anthropologists agree that Cro-Magnon is represented in (...)continue

Religion - Asia

5 May 2008

The Great and Enduring Heresy of Mohammed

The following article is excerpted from a book entitled: "The Great Heresies," by Hilaire Belloc (1870-1953) who was one of the premier Catholic apologists of the early twentieth century. In this work Belloc analyzes the concept of (...)continue

Conflict

2 March 2008

Mano Dayak, 1949-1995

Mano Dayak, internationally renowned Twareg leader, was killed in a plane crash in the Adrar Chirouet region northeast of the Air Mountains in Niger, Saharan West Africa, on Friday, December 15, 1995. Mano led the Tamoust(1) Liberation (...)continue

Women - Ritual

2 March 2008

The Daring Daughters of Kahena

Max Freedom Long was a young American student of world religions who, in 1917, took a teaching job in Hawaii. There he heard of guarded references to native magicians known as "Kahunas," who could heal by magic, kill at a distance, (...)continue

Europe

12 February 2008

The St Valentine’s Day

The St Valentine’s Day of Romans was Lubercus, holidays of the fertility of the shepherds and the herds. Billy goats and goats (tackles) were sacrificed. The half bare young men, coated with some blood of animals, ran (roamed) (...)continue

Migration - Diaspora

20 January 2008

Yorkshireman found to share DNA with African tribes

Yorkshireman found to share DNA with African tribes My dear Yorkshirewomen and Yorkshiremen, Believing that Berbers had been black is a big mistake. Egyptian paintings, Hirodotus’s writings, and many coin effigies of Berber (...)continue

Canary Island

30 October 2007

The Early Inhabitants of the Canary Islands

"The very existence of a white people perpetuating an advanced Neolithic Culture in the 14th Century of our era in the extreme SW of the Old World was such an unaccountable oddity that the association of the Canary Islands with (...)continue

10 September 2007

North Africans may have beaten Celts to Ireland

WHEN the Celts landed in Ireland 2,500 years ago, they may have been met by a population of North Africans, scientists now believe, writes Jan Battles. Linguists say a study of Irish and other Celtic languages has produced possible (...)continue

Identity

21 August 2007

Spartacus the Berber

Plutarch’s Parallel Lives ...Then they took up a strong position and elected three leaders. The first of these was Spartacus, a Thracian of Numidian stock, possessed not only of great courage and strength, but also in sagacity (...)continue

21 June 2007

The Burrows cave: African gold in Illinois

Every discovery has its dangers. In version one of our story, Russell Burrows accidentally discovered a cave along a branch of the Little Wabash River near his home town of Olney, Illinois, USA, in 1982. Hunting for discarded (...)continue

21 June 2007

The Tassili n’Ajjer: birthplace of ancient Egypt?

In January 2003, I made enquiries to visit the Hoggar Mountains and the Tassili n’Ajjer, one of the most enchanting mountain ranges on this planet. The two geographically close but nevertheless quite separate landscapes are (...)continue

21 June 2007

Egypt: origin of the Greek culture

Schools still teach that the Western civilisation is a child of Greece. Until a few decades ago, many schools did not mention the cultural achievements of Egypt or Sumer - and many schools in Europe still pay no attention to the (...)continue

21 June 2007

Island of the Giants

The three small islands of Malta, Gozo and Comino float in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, south of Sicily and east of the Tunesian coastline. Though small, their history dates back thousands of years - and continues to throw a (...)continue

Lybia

20 February 2007

Buried Amazigh place names in the Libyan Desert

Indigenous place names play a great and important distinctive role in most countries. To preserve this place names we obtain a discipline tool that regards us to a better understanding of this region (in terms of evolution and the (...)continue

Education - Portrait

24 January 2007

History of Jihad Against the Berbers of North Africa (640 - 711)

According to al-Bukhari [d. 869] an early Muslim jurist; Some of the more salient features of dhimmitude include: the prohibition of arms for the vanquished non-Muslims (dhimmis), and ringing of church bells; restrictions concerning (...)continue

15 January 2007

Amazigh language

Amazigh people’s origin Recent anthropoligical discoveries enable us to account for the Amazigh people’s origin. Relying on the discoveries, it seems that this poeple can be considered as the origin from which ramified all (...)continue

10 December 2006

Interview with Karl-G. Prasse

Q: Would you, kindly, introduce yourself to our audience ? Prof.: I am trained as an Egyptologist in the beginning and I started studying comparative and general linguistics at the university of Copenhagen. After two years time, I (...)continue

4 December 2006

What Happened to the Ancient Libyans?

Piecing together the ethnic history of the ancient world in a systematic way is an impossible mission. One particularly perplexing problem is the fate of groups that lived beyond the bounds of city and empire: hundreds of them come and (...)continue

24 October 2006

Kabyls who helped save Jews from the Nazis

The Mosque That Sheltered Jews "Their children are like our own children" "Yesterday at dawn, the Jews of Paris were arrested. The old, the women, and the children. In exile like ourselves, workers like ourselves. They are our (...)continue

Morocco

24 October 2006

Moor’s last hurrah

ENTERING the Alhambra is like stepping into an enchanting tale of Arabian Nights. This exquisite Moorish castle is so captivating that all the hyperbole that you assiduously shun over the years creeps insidiously back into your (...)continue

Kabylia

4 September 2006

The Roumi in Kabylia

FROM CONSTANTINA TO SETIF. The Roumi who leaves Constantina for Setif has a choice of two routes-one picturesque, lively and covered with Roman remains; the other perfectly arid, and distinguished by the fact that in five miles there (...)continue

19 August 2006

Mummy set to return to Canaries after 200 years

A Madrid museum is set to return a centuries-old mummy to the Canary Islands, adding impetus to an international trend for human remains to be handed back to their countries of origin. A Spanish Senate committee wants Madrid’s (...)continue

16 June 2006

Remembering a vanished race

But for all their time in the islands before the Spanish arrived, there is relatively little to show for that presence apart from those grisly remains, some rather unsophisticated pottery, some (disputed) pyramids, a number of (...)continue

Democracy

14 March 2006

The Republic of the Rif

The Rif Revolt was one of the more remarkable bids for self-determination to occur during the European late colonial period, and was pursued by the Rifi and Jibala peoples of Morocco between 1920 and 1926. At the end of the second (...)continue

14 March 2006

The Notes of the Rif Revolt

Peter Symes First published in the International Bank Note Society Journal - Volume 41, No.3, 2002 The Rif Revolt is one of the more astonishing bids for self-determination by a people bearing the yoke of colonialism. That it failed (...)continue

Egypt

28 February 2006

Redheaded Berber Pharaoh, Ramses II

L’article en Francais Pharaoh Ramses II (of the 19th Dynasty), is generally considered to be the most powerful and influential King that ever reigned in Egypt. He is one of the few rulers who has earned the epithet "the (...)continue

19 February 2006

Commemorating Ibn Khaldun

"Call to erect tomb and statue for Ibn Khaldun" announced Al- Ahram’s editorial on 14 May 1932. The writer, Ahmed Zaki Pasha, had learned that "the brave youth and distinguished elders of Tunisia, whose great fortune it is to (...)continue

19 February 2006

Interview with Professor Muhammad Shamsaddin Megalommatis 4/4

Part IV. The Future of Oromo/Kush and Abyssinia VF: You have put forward two solutions for Ethiopia that seem to conflict with each other. In one instance, you seem to suggest two states: Kushitic/Oromo/Ethiopian and (...)continue

19 February 2006

Interview with Professor Muhammad Shamsaddin Megalommatis 3/4

Part III. Oromo/Kush/Meroe VF: Your wealth of knowledge about Meroe is impressive. How did you become interested in Meroe? Prof: Since my childhood, I have been fascinated with stories of my grandfathers about monuments and (...)continue

19 February 2006

Interview with Professor Muhammad Shamsaddin Megalommatis 2/4

Part II. Abyssinia VF: Your article appeared in the Yemen Times before you started posting your comments on Ethioindex’s Medrek forum. Another commentator, Yahya al-Olfi, also wrote on the Yemen Times with the title (...)continue

19 February 2006

Interview with Professor Muhammad Shamsaddin Megalommatis 1/4

Professor Muhammad Shamsaddin Megalommatis has been a prolific writer on Ethioindex’s Medrek forum. He has extremely rich knowledge of the history of the Middle East and Eastern and Northern Africa regions. He brought to light (...)continue

11 February 2006

Masr qabl al Islam (Egypt before Islam) - The Greatness of Ancient Egypt in its real dimensions

Chapter 1: Egypt The first chapter is an entry the author had originally published in Greek in the Elliniki Ekpaideutiki Encyclopedia of Ekdotike Athenon (Athens - Greece) under the title "Egypt". The entry covered the entire history (...)continue

4 February 2006

Voyages into History

The most widely known contemporary Norwegian "explorer" Thor Heyerdahl, has probed the cultures of our earliest forefathers. His quest was to discover more about the historical landscape, not the geographical one. Heyerdahl was born (...)continue

4 February 2006

Connections to the Arthurian legend

Although the newest Movie on King Arthur is fiction, research and documentation of my family history, prove it is based on fact. I now have a personal in the existence of King Arthur and his Knights. Not only do my family lines connect (...)continue

30 January 2006

Poseidon, son of Cronos and Rhea

Poseidon is a god of many names. He is most famous as the god of the sea. The son of Cronus and Rhea, Poseidon is one of six siblings who eventually "divided the power of the world." His brothers and sisters include: Hestia, Demeter, (...)continue

Tamazgha

28 January 2006

Herodotus (c.490-c.425 BCE): On Libya

Book IV.42-43 For my part I am astonished that men should ever have divided North africa, Asia, and Europe as they have, for they are exceedingly unequal. Europe extends the entire length of the other two, and for breadth will not (...)continue

25 January 2006

The Shining Ones

The first edition of this book was published on September 1, 2000. I subsequently continued to research the topic, with particular attention to the most recent French and North African findings. From this research, I felt it might be (...)continue

25 January 2006

Tashelhiyt Berber or Sous Berber

Tashelhiyt Berber is spoken in the High Atlas, the Anti Atlas, the Souss plains, and in major cities (Casablanca, Rabat) of Morocco). It has some 8-9 million speakers, which makes it the world’s largest Berber language. In the (...)continue

25 January 2006

Would the Latin alphabet be of Berber origin?

The History of the writing did not vary since the 15e century at our days. The theory according to which the scriptural characters gréco-Romans come exclusively from the signs of writing phenician which derive from the Egyptian (...)continue

25 January 2006

Versatility of brain’s language centres

Whistlers highlight versatility of brain’s language centres. Spanish shepherds who whistle to communicate over long distance use the same region of the brains as spoken language, a finding reflects the extraordinary flexibility (...)continue

25 January 2006

In search of... Pyramids in Tenerife

Are these ancient stone structures for real? Who knows, says Simon Heptinstall, but they provide an unusual distraction from the beach What are you on about? Egypt has pyramids, Tenerife has, well, beaches and a mountain. It’s (...)continue

25 January 2006

The Nimble Numidians

One of the most enduring pictures of the ancient world is the swift moving Numidian horsemen. There are literary characterizations of him trotting out against the powers of Carthage or Rome on a swift horse, armed with nothing but a (...)continue

25 January 2006

Dehia, the Kahina

One of the most famous of ancient legendary figures among the Amazigh is Dehia, called the Kahina (seer, priestess), a label said to have originated with the Arabs, against whom she led her army. However, the name of "Kahina" most (...)continue

25 January 2006

The "Barbs" berber horses

En Francais When the "Barbs" berber horses put an end to the war 1914-1918 Called horse of Barbary by the Romains authors there is more than 2000 years, the Barb was always breed in Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco and for a long (...)continue

25 January 2006

Juba II, Amazigh King

A young King’s boy, who stemming from a Numidian root was born and educated inside a Greek-Roman niche, had the opportunity to influence both culture and development of his country. Juba the Second was a brilliant well educated (...)continue

25 January 2006

5 000 years ago, Imazighen

The name of the Libyans is registred in the oldest documents of - Egyptian historie , towards 3.000 before J.C, perhaps even before this date and the Libyans, today Imazighen, have an old history of more than five thousand years. (...)continue

25 January 2006

The Rise of Amazigh 3/3

Parties to the Dispute The Amazigh peoples of North Africa are the primary protagonists in the heightening of national and cultural consciousness. Those most vocal in support of this rising consciousness have been the Imazighen of (...)continue

25 January 2006

The Rise of Amazigh 2/3

Substance and Origins Since the dawn of history Imazighen have been the indigenous inhabitants of North Africa; their territory reaches from Egypt to Mauritania and from the Mediterranean to the boundaries of historic sub-Saharan (...)continue

25 January 2006

The Rise of Amazigh 1/3

The term "Amazigh" used in this study is the preferred term for the Berber people of North Africa. The still widely used ethnolinguistic word "Berber" is disliked because of its pejorative and demeaning character-it implies that the (...)continue

25 January 2006

Lalla Fatma N’Soumer, heroine of the Djurdjura

Lalla Fatma N’Soumer, heroine of the Djurdjura, was born in a village near Ain El Hammam in 1830, the year when the French occupied Algeria. Her real name was Fatma Sid Ahmed. The nickname, N’Soumer, was given to her (...)continue

8 August 2005

Masinissa

Masinissa (also spelled Massinissa), ruler of the North African kingdom of Numidia, and an ally of Rome in the last years of the Second Punic War (218-201). He was the son of Gaia, king of the Massyli, one of three Berber/Numidian (...)continue

25 June 2005

Number systems and calendars

Number systems and calendars of the Berber populations of Grand Canary and Tenerife In the 14-15th centuries Grand Canary and Tenerife were inhabited by Berber populations, called Canarians and Guanches. They presumably came from the (...)continue

12 February 2005

HLA genes

Abstract: The gene profile of Arabic-speaking Moroccans has been compared with those of other Mediterranean populations in order to provide additional information about the history of their origins. Our HLA data suggest that most (...)continue

25 December 2004

Archaeological excavations

Archaeological excavations unveil art of Moroccan History Berlin, Nov 16 - Archaeological excavations in the Eastern Rif Mountains have uncovered signs of ancient civilizations, the oldest dating back to 800,000 to 200,000 years (...)continue

13 December 2004

An ancient bust

An ancient bust with a tragic story of treachery In its sale of antiquities on Thursday, December 9, Sotheby’s New York is auctioning a fine bronze Roman portrait bust of Ptolemy at about age 15. Sotheby’s estimates it (...)continue

7 October 2004

A knight for Tamazgha 4/4

The steadfastness of the growing Rif state in face of France,Spain and its Moroccan hostiles something amazing and a seldom situation in the history of colonist wars, which was due to the ability of the Rif leaders in the fields of (...)continue

7 October 2004

A knight from Tamazgha 3/4

Prince Kattabi and the Reef became the most troubling problem inside and outside Spain , the number of Spanish troops elevated into 150 000 soldiers after the defeat of Anwal battle, Madrid made an offer to prince Kattabi of admitting (...)continue

7 October 2004

A knight from Tamazgha 2/4

The plan in the combat of Anwal was suggestting the Reef resistance men to attack the spanish in the same time in all their sites; so it will make it difficult for the Spanish to help each other, and distributed a great number of his (...)continue

7 October 2004

A Knigt from Tamazgha 1/4

During the colonism period in Morocco , and after the agreetment between France and Bretain in 1904 which liberated the French hands in Morocco, the French declared their leverage and protection on Morocco in Mars1917 30 - except the (...)continue

28 August 2004

Prehistoric town

The remains of a prehistoric town believed to date back 15,000 years and belong to an ancient Berber civilization have been discovered in Western Sahara, Moroccan state media said on Thursday. A team of Moroccan scientists stumbled (...)continue

13 March 2002

The Jurgurthine War by SALLUST (101-114)

CI. At length, on the fourth day of his march, when he was not far from the town of Cirta, his scouts suddenly made their appearance from all quarters at once; a circumstance by which the enemy was known to be at hand. But as they came (...)continue

13 March 2002

The Jurgurthine War by SALLUST (91-100)

XCI. On his march he distributed daily, to each division of the infantry and cavalry, an equal portion of the cattle, and gave orders that water-bottles should be made of their hides; thus compensating, at once, for the scarcity of (...)continue

13 March 2002

The Jurgurthine War by SALLUST (81-90)

LXXXI. The two kings, with their armies,[221] met in a place settled by mutual agreement, where, after pledges of amity were given and received, Jugurtha inflamed the mind of Bocchus by observing "that the Romans were a lawless people, (...)continue

13 March 2002

The Jurgurthine War by SALLUST (71-80)

LXXI. It happened that when this letter was brought, Nabdalsa, overcome with fatigue, was reposing on his couch, where, after reading Bomilcar’s letter, anxiety at first, and afterward, as is usual with a troubled mind, sleep (...)continue

13 March 2002

The Jurgurthine War by SALLUST (61-70)

LXI. When Metellus saw that all his attempts were vain; that the town was not to be taken; that Jugurtha was resolved to abstain from fighting, except from an ambush, or on his own ground, and that the summer was now far advanced, he (...)continue

13 March 2002

The Jurgurthine War by SALLUST (51-60)

LI. The aspect of the whole struggle[170] was indeed various, perplexing, direful, and lamentable; the men, separated from their comrades, were partly fleeing, partly pursuing; neither standards nor ranks were regarded, but wherever (...)continue

13 March 2002

The Jurgurthine War by SALLUST (41-50)

XLI. The prevalence of parties among the people, and of factions in the senate, and of all evil practices attendant on them, had its origin at Rome, a few years before, during a period of tranquillity, and amid the abundance of all (...)continue

13 March 2002

The Jurgurthine War by SALLUST (31-40)

XXXI. "Were not my zeal for the good of the state, my fellow-citizens, superior to every other feeling, there are many considerations which would deter me from appearing in your cause; I allude to the power of the opposite party, your (...)continue

13 March 2002

The Jurgurthine War by SALLUST (21-30)

XXI. Adherbal, when he found that matters had arrived at such a point, that he must either abandon his dominions, or defend them by force of arms, collected an army from necessity, and advanced to meet Jugurtha. Both armies took up[89] (...)continue

13 March 2002

The Jurgurthine War by SALLUST (11-20)

XI. At first, however, it was ambition, rather than avarice,[65] that influenced the minds of men; a vice which approaches nearer to virtue than the other. For of glory, honor, and power, the worthy is as desirous as the worthless; but (...)continue

13 March 2002

The Jurgurthine War by SALLUST (1-10)

I. It becomes all men, who desire to excel other animals,[1] to strive, to the utmost of their power,[2] not to pass through life in obscurity, [3] like the beasts of the field,[4] which nature has formed groveling[5] and subservient (...)continue

Justice

17 July 2001

The origins of Amazigh spring

Amazigh Spring, as we call it today, was originally referred to in the official press as "the events of Tizi Ouzou," just as the French press called the war of national liberation (1954-1962) "the events of Algiers." We have chosen (...)continue

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